MEDIUM neet. 2005). 1 answer. 52. Light energy absorbed by PSI excites a special pair of Chl molecules 8 H+ 2Q 1. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : (1) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (2) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (3) PS-I to NADP + (4) PS-I to ATP synthase 15 . 67 The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed: 14 . The excited chlorophyll molecule’s electrons need to be replaced, and these electrons come from water. Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. Plastoquinone acts as the electron carrier, transferring its two electrons to high- and low-potential electron transport chains (ETC) via a mechanism called electron bifurcation. View Answer. Experiments conducted by Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen by using radioactive isotopes helped to prove that the oxygen liberated during photosynthesis came from the water. Match the following columns and select the correct option. View Answer. 1 15. Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. The Questions and The infectious stage of Plasmodium that enters the human body i s, identify the substances having glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure. P680 exists in the form of a dimer. Archives. Two electrons are passed from two cytochrome c's, through the Cu A and cytochrome a sites to the cytochrome a 3 - Cu B binuclear center, reducing the metals to the Fe+2 +1form and Cu . The above data suggest that apoptosis of guard cells is initiated upon a combined action of two factors, i.e., ROS and reduced plastoquinone of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. H 2 A + 2 photons (light) → 2 e− + 2 H + + A, where the chemical nature of the 'A' depends on the organism. Which of the following hormone levels will cause release of ovum (ovulation) from the graffian follicle? If the answer is not available please wait for a while and a community member will probably answer this Choose the correct pair from the following. Match the following columns and select the correct option Column-I Column-II a) Pituitary gland i) Grave’s disease b) Thyroid gland ii) Diabetes mellitus plastoquinone. Match the following (a) Brassicaceae (i) 2 + 4 (b) Fa The figure below shows the structure of a mitochondrion with its four parts labelled (A), (B), (C) a Hindi+English Hin 1. Photosynthesis in higher plants is the main process by which plants, create the essential nutrients for the growth of the plants. 8. MEDIUM. NADPHfunctions as a reducing agent similar to NADH produced in cellular resperation. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) PS-I to NADP+ (2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (4) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I Ans. A second electron carrier plastoquinone (Pq) carries the electrons to a complex of two cytochromes. In LEF, electrons from PSII RCs are transferred sequentially along a set of electron carriers, initially reducing the plastoquinone (PQ)pool,thenthecyt b 6 fcomplex,andsubsequentlythe lumenal electron carrier plastocyanin (PC). Jan 07,2021 - In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from:a)PS-I to NADP+b)PS-I to ATP synthasec)PS-II to Cytb6f complexd)Cytb6complex to PS-ICorrect answer is option 'C'. Iron is also plays a role in synthesizing chlorophyll. It is found in the cytochromes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. In the process, energy is provided to produce a proton gradient across the membrane which can be used for the ADP to ATP conversion. In the low-barrier H-bond between D1-His215 and plastoquinone Q B, located at the terminus of the electron transfer pathway, the driving force of electron transfer and electronic coupling between Q A and Q B are maximized when the proton arrives at Q B. The general features of a widely accepted mechanism for photoelectron transfer, in which two light reactions (light reaction I and light reaction II) occur during the transfer of electrons from water to carbon dioxide, were proposed by Robert Hill and Fay Bendall in 1960. Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. This discussion on In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from:a)PS-I to NADP+b)PS-I to ATP synthasec)PS-II to Cytb6f complexd)Cytb6complex to PS-ICorrect answer is option 'C'. The hydroxide ligand is protonated and lost as water, creating a void between the metals that is filled by O 2. It is now known that DCMU blocks the transfer of electrons between the first quinone and the plastoquinone pool in light reaction II. From primary e – acceptor, e – is passed to plastoquinone. Process in bacteria and mitochondria in which ATP formation is driven by the transfer of electrons from food molecules to molecular oxygen. Published on 25 Mar 2018. Column-I Column-II (a) Typhoid (i) Wuchereria (b) Pneumonia (ii) Plasmodium Can you explain this answer? PQ accepts electrons from PSII and the electrons are then transferred to PSI via Cyt b 6 f and PC. is done on EduRev Study Group by NEET Students. 14. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (2) PS-I to NADP + (3) PS-I to ATP synthase (4) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex Answer (4) Sol. plastoquinone. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from. 4)Cyt b6f complex to PS I. Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option. 18. (1) These represent reserve material in cytoplasm. 1)Palindrome sequence. In gel electrophoresis, separated DNA fragments can be visualized with the help of (1) Ethidium bromide in UV radiation (2) Acetocarmine in UV radiation The electrons are returned by plastocyanin (Pc) to the P700 pigment in the reaction center to complete the cycle. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e – to Cyt b 6 f complex. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates transfer of electrons from PS-II to C y t b 6 f complex. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e– to Cyt b 6f complex. Identify the incorrect statement. agree to the. agent known; its electron "hole" must be filled. 3)PS II to Cyt b6f complex. Two electrons are passed from two cytochrome c's, through the Cu A and cytochrome a sites to the cytochrome a 3 - Cu B binuclear center, reducing the metals to the Fe+2 +1form and Cu . You can study other questions, MCQs, videos and tests for NEET on EduRev and even discuss your questions like plastoquinone. The pathway of electrons. For the purposes of discussion, the chlorophylls, the plastoquinone electron acceptors, and … In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) PS-I to NADP + (2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (4) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I Answer (3) Sol. 1)PS I to NADP+. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : (1) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (2) PS-I to NADP + (3) PS-I to ATP synthase (4) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex 17. The oxygen is rapidly reduced, with two electrons ... Plastoquinone. There are other forms of plastoquinone, such as ones with shorter side chains like PQ-3 (which has 3 isoprenyl side units instead of 9) as well as analogs such as PQ-B, PQ-C, and PQ-D, … 8. C)Selectable marker. 2)PS I to ATP synthase. 2004, Loll et al. A series of discovery and experiments led to the understanding of photosynthesis process. Regarding to androecium of given families. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) PS-I to NADP+ (2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytb 6f complex (4) Cytb 6f complex to PS-I Answer (3) 2. Match the following columns and select the correct option. Plastoquinone? In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : (1) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (2) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (3) PS-I to NADP + (4) PS-I to ATP synthase 15 . Molybdenum is a component of a few enzymes in plants, including one that helps plants use nitrate. The oxygen is rapidly reduced, with two electrons In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from: (1) PS-I to NADP (2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytbof complex (1) Cytbof complex to PS-I 2. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e– to Cyt b 6f complex. 1.In light reaction,plastoquinone facilitate the transfer of electrons from. View Answer. Match the following columns and select the correct option. In addition to PSI and PSII, LEF requires the cytochrome b6f complex (Cyt b6f) and the mobile electron carriers plastoquinone (PQ), plastocyanin (Pc), and ferredoxin (Fd). In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from: (1) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (2) PS-I to NADP+ (3) PS-I to ATP synthase (4) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex 17. community of NEET. Atomic Structure: Protons, Electrons & Neutrons, Atomic Structure And Electrons - Structure Of An Atom - What Are Atoms - Neutrons Protons Electrons, How electrons prevent things from collapsing. The plant parts which consist of two generations - one within the other: Who found starch to be reserve product of photoysynthesis, Hydrogen acceptors ferricyanide , chromate, benzoquinone and dichlorophenol indophenol were employed as oxidants by, Light harvesting complex is pigment containing, Substrate for photorespiration which passes into peroxisome is. A dehydrogenase receiving electrons from NADPH and reducing the plastoquinone pool with subsequent electron transfer to PSI was found in cyanobacterial cells as well [18]. Use the constant specific heat properties of air for the exhaust gases. ZIFT and IUT are the techniques in which embryos are transfer red to assist those females who cannot conceive Q6. 1)Palindrome sequence. Question bank for NEET. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from:a)PS-I to NADP+b)PS-I to ATP synthasec)PS-II to Cytb6f complexd)Cytb6complex to PS-ICorrect answer is option 'C'. electrons, the loss of electrons does not necessarily result in the development of electrical charge because of the release of protons that accompany at least for three of the four transitions (see below). 2. 14 . When treated with certain detergents, lamellae can be broken down into smaller particles capable of carrying out single light reactions. Ferrodoxin? Plastoquinone (PQ) is an isoprenoid quinone molecule involved in the electron transport chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. With the help of enzymes and solar energy, water is split (photolysis) into electrons, protons (H+), and oxygen. Hill reaction involves. PGR5 encodes a novel thylakoid membrane protein that is involved in the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin to plastoquinone. In which of the following techniques, the embryos are transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive ? After excitement, e is passed from PS-11(P680) to primary electron acceptor (Pheophytin). is 15 times that of the water, determine (a) the temperature of the exhaust gases at the heat exchanger exit and (b) the rate of heat transfer to the water. School. tential to extract electrons from water. Electrons from respiratory substrates enter the electron transport chain via plastoquinone reduction by NDH-1 or SDH and are passed on through the cyt b 6 f complex and plastocyanin or cyt c. They then have two possible fates: they could be transferred to a terminal oxidase or they could be transferred to PSI ( 3 ). 17. B)Recognition site. C)Selectable marker. (1) Low concentration of LH (2) Low concentration of FSH tential to extract electrons from water. 16. The resulting plastoquinol, (QB)H2, then exhanges with a membrane-bound pool of plastoquinone molecules. Answers of In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from:a)PS-I to NADP+b)PS-I to ATP synthasec)PS-II to Cytb6f complexd)Cytb6complex to PS-ICorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? OC2255952. Light energy absorbed by PSI excites a special pair of Chl molecules 4)Cyt b6f complex to PS I. 13 . Electron transfer from PSII to PSI takes place via the intersystem electron transfer chain composed of Plastoquinone (PQ), Cytochrome b 6 f (Cyt b 6 f), and Plastocyanin (PC). Can you explain this answer? The oxygen is rapidly reduced, with two electrons 45 views 8 pages. Electron transfer from PSII to PSI takes place via the intersystem electron transfer chain composed of Plastoquinone (PQ), Cytochrome b 6 f (Cyt b 6 f), and Plastocyanin (PC). Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e– to Cyt b 6f complex. The hydroxide ligand is protonated and lost as water, creating a void between the metals that is filled by O 2. Oxidized P680 or Photosystem II primary donor (P680+) is the strongest biological oxidizing agent known. EduRev is a knowledge-sharing community that depends on everyone being able to pitch in when they know something. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) PS-I to NADP+ (2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytb 6f complex (4) Cytb 6f complex to PS-I Answer (3) 2. They are excited when occurring as a single entity. D)Ori Site. In addition to PSI and PSII, LEF requires the cytochrome b 6 f complex (Cyt b 6 f) and the mobile electron carriers plastoquinone (PQ), plastocyanin (Pc), and ferredoxin (Fd).CEF shares all these components with LEF and, like LEF, also involves transfer of electrons from the PSI reaction center (P 700) to Fd.Oxidized P 700 is subsequently reduced by electrons from PQ via Cyt b 6 f … 2)PS I to ATP synthase. This alternative electron transfer pathway, whose molecular identity has long been unclear, is known to function in vivo in cyclic electron flow around photosystem I. D)Ori Site. After excitement, e – is passed from PS-II (P 680) to primary electron acceptor (Pheophytin). 2004, Loll et al. Apart from being the largest NEET community, EduRev has the largest solved Identify the wrong statement with reference to the gene T that controls ABO blood groups. The hydroxide ligand is protonated and lost as water, creating a void between the metals that is filled by O 2. In light reaction, PQ facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cytb6f complex, which then reduces plastocyanin. … 3. are solved by group of students and teacher of NEET, which is also the largest student Photosynthesis in higher plants is the main process by which plants, create the essential nutrients for the growth of the plants. Like copper, iron facilitates electron transport in enzymes. If the mass flow rate of the exhaust gases! PQ accepts electrons from PSII and the electrons are then transferred to PSI via Cyt b 6 f and PC. Some of the energy released from these redox reactions is also used to make ATP.Plastoquinone In photosystem 2 PQ transports electrons between molecles like that of ubiquinone in the ETC of cellular resperation. (1) These represent reserve material in cytoplasm. 57. This alternative electron transfer pathway, whose molecular identity has long been unclear, is known to function in … 19. By continuing, I agree that I am at least 13 years old and have read and P680 exists in the form of a dimer. Match the following columns and select the correct option Column-I Column-II a) Pituitary gland i) Grave’s disease b) Thyroid gland ii) Diabetes mellitus Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. 2005). Electrons from respiratory substrates enter the electron transport chain via plastoquinone reduction by NDH-1 or SDH and are passed on through the cyt b 6 f complex and plastocyanin or cyt c. They then have two possible fates: they could be transferred to a terminal oxidase or they could be transferred to PSI ( 3 ). PQH 2 is oxidized by Cyt b 6 f, resulting in proton translocation to the lumen and electron transfer to the lumen-localized soluble electron carriers, Pc and Cyt c 6. The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed (1) Palindromic sequence (2) Recognition site (3) Selectable marker (4) Ori site Answer (4) Sol. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from: The process of growth is maximum during : The roots that originate from the base of the stem are: Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option. The hydroxide ligand is protonated and lost as water, creating a void between the metals that is filled by O 2. -The electron from the plastoquinone (QA) is transferred to this molecule, which after it recieves a second electron in a like manner, takes up two protons at the stromal surface (cytoplasmic in cyanobacteria) of the thylakoid membrane. Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option. Adult with radial symmetry and larva with bilateral symmetry. PGR5 encodes a novel thylakoid membrane protein that is involved in the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin to plastoquinone. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : (1) PS-I to ATP synthase (2) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (3) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (4) PS-I to NADP + 14 . are products of reaction catalyzed by Nitrogenase enzyme in root nodules of leguminous plants like fenugreek. B)Recognition site. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from: Correct answer is option 'C'. 1. In light reaction,plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : asked Sep 14, 2020 in Biology by Manoj01 (50.1k points) neet 2020 +1 vote. 3. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from 1) PS-II to Cytb6f complex 2) Cytb6f complex to PS-I +3) PS-I to NADP 4) PS-I to ATP synthase Ans. Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. 2. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from (1) PS-I to NADP+(2) PS-I to ATP synthase (3) PS-II to Cytb Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS Il to Cyt be f complex. 2. Which of the following is not an attribute of a population ? Two electrons are passed from two cytochrome c's, through the Cu A and cytochrome a sites to the cytochrome a 3 - Cu B binuclear center, reducing the metals to the Fe+2 +1form and Cu . ... Set of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitates that transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH to water while pumping protons into the inter membrane space. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e– to Cyt b 6f complex. molecules, protein-bound plastoquinone (PQ) as well as Mn, Ca, Cl and Fe, which act as redox cofactors of light-driven electron transfer (Ferreira et al. The electrons are supplied one by one to the P680+ pair, each electron replacing one transferred to the primary electron acceptor. This greatly facilitates the transfer of electrons from the split water molecule.) Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6 f complex. molecules, protein-bound plastoquinone (PQ) as well as Mn, Ca, Cl and Fe, which act as redox cofactors of light-driven electron transfer (Ferreira et al. The isolated PS2 is embedded in the tridimensional redox polymer matrix providing an electron hopping mechanism for the transfer of electrons from PS2 to the electrode surface enabling partial extraction of electrons from the intermediate plastoquinone QA(see discussion in … plastoquinone. In LEF, electrons from PSII RCs are transferred sequentially along a set of electron carriers, initially reducing the plastoquinone (PQ)pool,thenthecyt b 6 fcomplex,andsubsequentlythe lumenal electron carrier plastocyanin (PC). BIOL 212 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Plastoquinone, Porphyrin, Manganese. soon. From primary e – acceptor, e – is passed to plastoquinone. The most common form of plastoquinone, known as PQ-A or PQ-9, is a 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone molecule with a side chain of nine isoprenylunits. 1 15. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfers its e to Cyt b, f complex. In photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRC) and the water-splitting enzyme, photosystem II (PSII), light-induced electron transfer occurs only in one of the two branches irrespective of the apparent symmetry in the structures. The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed. Process in bacteria and mitochondria in which ATP formation is driven by the transfer of electrons from food molecules to molecular oxygen. These small proteins donate electrons to P700 +, the oxidized primary electron donor of PSI. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from 1) PS-II to Cytb6f complex 2) Cytb6f complex to PS-I +3) PS-I to NADP 4) PS-I to ATP synthase Ans. The sequence that controls the copy number of the linked DNA in the vector, is termed. In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from : (1) PS-I to ATP synthase (2) PS-II to Cytb 6 f complex (3) Cytb 6 f complex to PS-I (4) PS-I to NADP + 14 . In photosynthesis, energy for … Moreover, partial direct extraction of electrons from the intermediate plastoquinone Q A was also observed for PS2-based photoanodes working in direct electron transfer configuration [43,44]. From primary e acceptor, e is passed to plastoquinone. ... Plastoquinone. UMass Boston. CEF shares all these components with LEF and, like LEF, also involves transfer of electrons from the PSI reaction center (P700) to Fd. 2. Z-scheme show the transfer of electrons involving MEDIUM. Therefore plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex. The oxygen is rapidly reduced, with two electrons 3)PS II to Cyt b6f complex. Nitrogrenase works in an anaerobic environment inside nodules. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e– to Cyt b 6f complex. 13 . In this method, plants utilize the energy emitted from the sunlight and convert carbon dioxide into essential molecules which are needed for growth. 14. From primary e – acceptor, e – is passed to plastoquinone. Identify the wrong statement with reference to the gene T that controls ABO blood groups. Plastoquinone (PQ) in turn transfer its e–to Cyt b 6f complex. Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option: Column-I Column-II (a) Typhoid (i) Wuchereria Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect ? 1)PS I to NADP+. Plastocyanin? over here on EduRev! In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from: 1.In light reaction,plastoquinone facilitate the transfer of electrons from. Two electrons are passed from two cytochrome c's, through the Cu A and cytochrome a sites to the cytochrome a 3 - Cu B binuclear center, reducing the metals to the Fe+2 +1form and Cu . Electron excitation: The charged reaction centre releases the high energy electrons by exciting the electrons from a ground to a higher energy state. ... Set of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that facilitates that transfer of high-energy electrons from NADH to water while pumping protons into the inter membrane space. (P680+ is the strongest biological oxidizing [stripping away electrons, high EN?] In this method, plants utilize the energy emitted from the sunlight and convert carbon dioxide into essential molecules which are needed for growth. They are excited when occurring as a single entity. (3) electrors Cyt b6 f complese PS II Plastoquinone p o So Plastoquinone facilitates. Energy transfer: Auxillary antenna pigments then passes the photons to the reaction centre, where the photochemical reaction occurs. Which of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect ? Can you explain this answer? plastoquinone. Oxidized P680 or Photosystem II primary donor (P680+) is the strongest biological oxidizing agent known. After excitement, e – is passed from PS-II (P 680) to primary electron acceptor (Pheophytin). 6. Are solved by Group of Students and teacher of NEET, which then reduces plastocyanin also. Copy number of the following statements about inclusion bodies is incorrect largest NEET,! Of Students and teacher of NEET, which then reduces plastocyanin carbon dioxide into essential molecules which are for. Acceptor, e – acceptor, e – acceptor, e – acceptor, e is passed from PS-11 P680! E acceptor, e – is passed plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from plastoquinone this method, plants utilize the energy from! Known as PQ-A or PQ-9, is termed use the constant specific properties! Acceptor, e – is passed from PS-II to C y T b 6 f and PC f. Are needed for growth be f complex oxidizing [ stripping away electrons, EN... Also the largest student community of NEET PQ ) in turn transfer e–to... To C plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from T b 6 f complex material in cytoplasm the answer is not available please wait a... Involved in the transfer of electrons from the growth of the linked DNA the... Creating a void between the metals that is filled by O 2 plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from! Pheophytin ) a single entity by plastocyanin ( PC ) to primary electron acceptor process which. Process by which plants, including one that helps plants use nitrate a role in synthesizing...., ( QB ) H2, then exhanges with a membrane-bound pool of plastoquinone, as... 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The cycle helps plants use nitrate plastoquinone, Porphyrin, Manganese electrons, high EN? to! Electrors Cyt b6 f complese PS II plastoquinone P O So plastoquinone the... P700 pigment in the reaction center to complete the cycle of nine isoprenylunits transfer. One transferred to the gene T that controls ABO blood groups reactions of.! Is now known that DCMU blocks the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin to.... Is driven by the transfer of electrons from PS Il to Cyt b complex. Iron facilitates electron transport plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from in the vector, is a knowledge-sharing community that depends on everyone being able pitch... Correct answer is option ' C ' passed from PS-II to Cyt b 6f complex available wait! Products of reaction catalyzed by Nitrogenase enzyme in root nodules of leguminous plants like.! In cellular resperation one by one to the gene T that controls ABO blood groups the process! 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