His commentary (Urai) give us an idea of the amount of information contained in each and every kural. Tirukkural was first translated into Malayalam (titled Tirukkural Basha) by an anonymous writer in 1595 CE. Thirukkural has been translated into LATIN by Fr.Bechie and Dr. Grawl. Kural, an ancient Tamil treatise on the ethics and morality of the commoner, is the oldest and one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. The first instance of the author's name mentioned as Thiruvalluvar is found to be several centuries later in a song of praise called, (1814–1864) had already by 1855 characterized the Tirukkural as 'a work of Buddhist hue'. Hence, though laborious, farming is the foremost activity. Dr. Karl Graul, who translated the Kural into German had this to say: "No translation can convey an idea of its (Thirukkural's) charming effect. [10], The first English translation by a native scholar (i.e., scholar who is a native speaker of Tamil) was made in 1915 by T. Tirunavukkarasu, who translated 366 couplets into English. The Latin translation of Thirukkural made by Constanzo Beschi in 1730 did much to make known to European intellectuals the richness and beauty of Oriental Tamil literature. [5] By 2014, there were about 57 versions available in English, of which at least 30 were complete.[12]. (a) If it is asked what compassion is, it is not killing any living beings; If one is freed from delusion and has the wisdom spotless, Don’t hide behind the butcher’s blade saying, ‘He kills, I only eat’, If you wish, as you should, that your soul be liberated, This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 01:03. Men of wisdom freed from the error (of delusion) will not eat flesh carved out of a creature. ગુજરાતી ... One of the eight characters of God is being highly merciful, so thirukkuRal also addresses God as an^thaNan. Graul might have subsumed the Jains also under the name of the Buddhists (Graul 1865: xi note). Tirukkural translations. Each chapter has a specific subject ranging from ", . Sankar Raju Naidu, S, thirukural in Hindi, Madras, 1958, Seshadri, K, thirukural in Hindi, Lucknow, 1982, Govindaraj Jain, Kural in verse, first two parts, New delhi, 1942, Jain, B.D, thirukural, thirupananthal, 1961, Khenand Rakar, thirukural, parts 1 and 2, Ajmer, 1924, Rajan Pillai, thirukural, Lucknow, 1976, Venkatakrishnan, M.G, thirukural, Trichy, 1964, , Thirukkural, Osaka, Japan, August 1981, Gundappa, L, thirukural (3 parts), Madras, 1960, Gundappa, L, thirukural dharma bhaga, Bangalore, 1955, Srinivas, P.S, thirukural with original couplets and translations in Kannada, Madurai, 1982, Srikanthaiah, B.M, Kural (selections in verses), bangalore, 1940, Graul, Charles, Kural of thiruvalluvar, Tranquebar, 1866, Veeramamunivar, thirukural (Books I and II), London, 1930, Dr.G.Soosai Ph.D,J.P.,P.P.N,P.K.T.,Thirukkural Kitab Murni Tamil Nadu.,Kuala Lumpur,1978 & 1991, Ismail, Hussein: thirukural sastera kalasik Tamil yang, Kuala Lumpur, 1967, Ramily Bin Thakir thirukural (in verses), Kuala Lumpur, 1964, Azhakathu Kurup, thirukural in verses, Trivandrum, 1875, Balakrishna Nair, G, Kural waith commentary, Part I, Trivandrum, 1963, Chellan Nadar, K, thirukural tharmanaskantam, Parassala, 1962, Damodaran Pillai,P, thirukural manikal, Trivandrum, 1951, Gopalakurup, Vennikulam, thirukural (first 2 parts in verse), Kottayam, 1960, Govinda Pillai, A, thirukural, Trivandrum, Thirukkural Malayalam Vivarthanam Published by DC Books Kottayam Written By S. Ramesan Nair, Kishrod, Dash Ch, thirukuralu-in oriya language, Sampalbur, 1985, Ram Murti Sharma, thirukural dhamma granth of the tamils, Chandigarh, 1983, Umadevi, Wandy Dynowskiev, thiruvalluvar kural, Madras, 1958, Kamala Gurg, thirukural needhi sastra, Jaipur, 1982, Glazov, J.J and Krishnamurthi, A, thirukural, a book on virtu, politics and love, Moscow, 1963, Ibragimov, A., Thirukural in couplets with illustrations, Moscow, 1974, Srirama Desikan, S.N, thirukural in Sanskrit slokas, Madras, 1961, 1968, Ram, S.S, Saurastra thirukural payiram - pitika pragaranam, Madurai, 1980, De Silva, Charles, Sirigiya (thirukural in sinhalese), Colombo, 1964, Sissigamy Govokgada, M, thirukural, Colombo, 1961, Frykholm Ingya, thirukural, Uddavalla, 1971, Jagannatha Sastri, Mudiganthi, thiruvalluva sookthalu, West Godavari, 1952, Lakshminarayana Sastri, Kural, chittoor, 1906, Kohan, Muhamad Yusuf, Kural in Urdu and Arabic, Madras, 1976, Surawathi Hasarat, Kural in Urdu, New Delhi, 1966. Pope's translation can be viewed from the website, http://pm.tamil.net/pub/pm0153/trkrlpop.html?q=projectmadurai/pub/pm0153/trkrlpop.html, Nalini Mohan, Sanyal, thirukural, Calcutta, 1939, Sastri, E.C., thirukural, Calcutta, 1974, , Hong Kong: Xianggang daxue chubanshe, Zvelebil, Kamil V, Thirukural (selections), Prague, 1952–1954, Kat, D, Thirukural (selections), Netherlands, 1964, Aiyar, V.V.S, Kural_: Maxims of thiruvalluvar, 4th ed, Madras, 1961, Balasubramanian, K.M, Thirukural of thiruvalluvar, Madras, 1962, Chakravarthi, A, thirukural in English with commentary, Madras, 1953, Drew, H.W., The kural of thiruvalluvar with commentary of Parimelazhakar, Madras, 1840, Drew, H.W. The Thirukkural expounds on various aspects of life and is one of the most important works in the Tamil language. • Excessive or deficient food or activity causes disorders in mobility, breathing and digestion. English translations in prose and verse by eminent scholars have appeared in print. One of the earliest commentaries on the Thirukkural was by Parimelazhagar, belonging to the 12th century. There are many others who have translated Thirukkural completely or some parts of it. The couplet and its meaning have been translated by Pope and only the meaning has been given by Yogi Suddananda Bharathi. Mercy demands not to kill; butchering is cruel, and eating flesh meat is insensuous. The Tamil classic, Thirukkural (Sacred Couplets), has been translated into many major languages of the world. What is kindliness and its opposite? In his Foreword to the book Thirukkural, translated in English by Rev.G.U. In 1865, his Latin translation of the Kural text, along with commentaries in Simple Tamil, was posthumously published. Non-injury is otherwise known as compassion; doing injury is heartlessness. What is compassion but refraining from killing; what is sin but eating flesh? • Determined efforts result in prosperity; Idleness will bring nothing. Francis Whyte Ellis attempted the second English translation, who translated only 120 of the 1330 couplets of the Kural text—69 in verse and 51 in prose. Thus, Drew and Lazarus together made the first complete prose translation of the Tirukkural available in English. Vedas . Pope who had spent many years in Tamil Nadu and translated many Tamil texts into English, which includes Thirukkural, have recognised Thiruvalluvar as a … Trilingual version with Tamil original and Malay and English versions translated by the translator. The Tamil classic, Thirukkural (Sacred Couplets), has been translated into many major languages of the world. The first instance of the author's name mentioned as Thiruvalluvar is found to be several centuries later in a song of praise called Garland of Thiruvalluvar in Thiruvalluva Malai.[5]. In 1852, he partially completed the second book, too, in prose. The 1330 couplets are arranged into 3 main sections and 133 chapters. The 1330 couplets are arranged into 3 main sections and 133 chapters. In this connection it was then of particular interest that Thiruvalluvar, the author of the Tirukkural was identified as a Paraiyar in Tamil tradition (as, incidentally, were also other famous ancient Tamil writers, e.g., Auvaiyar ; cf. • Water will flow from a well in the sand in proportion to the depth to which it is dug, and knowledge will flow from a man in proportion to his learning. • The stalks of water-flowers are proportionate to the depth of water; so is men's greatness proportionate to their minds (Knowledge). It has been translated to various other languages. The killing of animals is veritable hardness of heart; but the eating of their flesh is inequity indeed. Each chapter contains 10 couplets. ii. Thirukkural is also translated into the Vakpoli language spoken by Nerikurvar. It is said that to the amazement of the critics, the Sangam Plank shrunk itself in size to hold only the Kural manuscript and in the process throwing out the rest. The menu is common for both Tamil and English versions. For example, Thirukkural is a cir formed by combining the two words Thiru and Kural, i.e. kural thirukkural in tamil with english translations nook thiruvalluvar that can be your partner. It is the preservation of life, and its destruction (therefore) it is not right to eat that flesh (from which life has been taken away). Thirukkurala, Fiji, 1964, Geraghty, Paul. Viewing the Kural in all languages. If you ask what charity is and what is not, they are non-killing and killing respectively; eating that (slaughtered) meat is unrighteousness (sin). Dr. Leonard Fernando, S.J. English, thus, continues to remain the language with most number of translations available of the Kural text. The German version was published both at London and Leipzig. Meanwhile, there were two more verse translations made in 1872 and 1873 by Charles E. Gover and Edward Jewitt Robinson, respectively. The Kural text, considered to have been written in the 1st century BCE, remained unknown to the outside world for close to one and a half millennia. Diaz (2000) did a similar exercise by his objective was not the same. User Review - Flag as inappropriate. A couplet consists of seven, There are claims and counter claims as to the authorship of the book and to the exact number of couplets written by, . G.U Pope’s translation is very widely known. Although the exact period of its composition is still disputed, scholars agree that it was produced before the 2nd century BC. ", (a) Perceptive souls who have abandoned passion, Grace says “Life, Life”, cruelty cries, “kill, kill!”, Those with unclouded minds will desist from. Pope 1886: i–ii, x–xi). A cir is a single or a combination of more than one Tamil word. It is a historic achievement. Dr. Gu Pope. Eash couplet in Tamil has seven words. Thirukkural comes under one of the four categories of, . Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, it has been translated into at least 42 world languages, with about 57 different renderings in the English language alone. He came to India under Anglican Christian Missions He lived in 19 th century. One of his Co-profound translation is “VISHNU SAHSTRNAM”. Popley. 1 Review. Benevolence is not to kill, and killing is lack of it. is a collection of 1330 Tamil couplets organised into 133 chapters. S.M. Gita, Thirukkural and Kalidasa’s Sakuntalam have been hailed by savants all over the world as the cream of Indian thought and culture. It was translated into French by Monsieur Ariel in 1848. Pope who had spent many years in Tamil Nadu and translated many Tamil texts into English, which includes Thirukkural, have recognised Thiruvalluvar as a Paraiyar. Pope who had spent many years in Tamil Nadu and translated many Tamil texts into English, which includes Thirukkural, have recognised Thiruvalluvar as a Paraiyar. It is has been translated to various other languages. Indian, English and French scholars have translated Thirukkural. Not to kill is grace; to kill’s otherwise, The visionaries, who follow a faultless creed. Other translations of Thirukkural. English Translation & Commentary (in italics) PART I. VIRTUE 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 The Praise of God 1. To eat the meat of the killed animal is unworthy. Authored by the ancient Tamil poet-philosopher Valluvar and dated around the 1st century BCE, it has been translated into at least 42 world languages, with about 57 different renderings in the English language alone. Below is a list of English translations of the Tirukkural until 2015:[2], Following the translation of the Kural text into Latin by Constantius Joseph Beschi in 1730,[5] Nathaniel Edward Kindersley attempted the first ever English translation of the Kural text in 1794, translating select couplets in verse. In 1856, Karl Graul translated the Kural into German, claiming that Kural is closer to the Christian preaching and offers a model of Tamil worldview. Amongst them are Kindersley, F.W.Ellis, W.H.Drew, C.E.Gover, E.G.Robinson, Rev.G.Lazarus, T.M.Scott and H.A. The good ones, free from the three kinds of blemishes (desires) and possessed of unalloyed wisdom will hold dead bodies as corpses and will not eat the flesh. There are many others who have translated Thirukkural completely or some parts of it. [6][7][8][9] In 1840, William Henry Drew translated the first book of the Tirukkural in prose. His commentary (Urai) give us an idea of the amount of information contained in each and every kural. Those who are free from blame and have the clear vision will not eat the meat of animals which have lost their life or which are slaughtered. Pope's translation can be viewed from the website http://pm.tamil.net/pub/pm0153/trkrlpop.html?q=projectmadurai/pub/pm0153/trkrlpop.html. The Thirukkural expounds on various aspects of life and is one of the most important works in the Tamil language. • Avoid an act which you may repent later; If done by mistake, better not to repeat it. The software based Kural (poem) changes each day and you get the kural and its explanation in both English and Tamil. Thirukkural - With English Translation Of Rev. • The learned teacher makes you enjoy learning; On leaving, makes you to keep thinking of his teaching. Thirukural in Tamil Original. Each chapter contains 10 couplets. Men of clear vision abstain from the flesh of a slaughtered animal. Upon completion, Thiruvalluvar took the work (Thirukkural) to Madurai (Tamil Nadu, India) as per the prevailing practice of reading out new compositions in a public forum where critics and scholars would be present. Along with his own English prose translation, his publication contained the original Tamil text, the Tamil commentary by Parimelazhagar and Ramanuja Kavirayar's amplification of the commentary. Reprinted in 1999. Kalani, Kantilal L., thirukural in Gujarati, Bombay, 1971 (Gujarti - Philosopher - Writer in Gujarati Literature - [1930-1998]. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the English language alone. A person free from the erroneous beliefs and equipped with the right faith will not eat flesh obtained from animal bereft of life. Published in 689 pages, with new interpretations given for about 360 couplets. [7] The 133 chapters are grouped into three sections:[7][8], Aram containes 380 verses, Porul with 700 and Inbam with 250. Thirukural with Commentary by M.Karunanithi. Thirukkural comes under one of the four categories of Venpas (Tamil verses) called Kural Venpa. The significance of this is that the greatness of a work is realized on the basis of not the weight of its manuscript (written on Palm leaves) but the divine qualities of the work which forced the plank to stay afloat. For example, Thirukkural is a cir formed by combining the two words Thiru and Kural, i.e. Thirukkural has been translated into English by 40 people. • Think and then undertake the work; to think after commencement will bring disgrace. George Uglow Pope translated Thirukkural in English. [2] It was authored by Thiruvalluvar, and is considered to be the first work to focus on ethics in Dravidian literature. The wise know that it is a sin to eat the flesh of animals. Thiruvalluvar (Author of Holy Kural - Thirukkural in Tamil with English Translations) Although the exact period of its composition is still disputed, scholars agree that it was produced before the 2nd century BC. In about 1730 AD, the Tamil Thirukkural was translated into Latin by Fr.Beschi, one of the … This work is widely revered and accepted in many parts of the world. Meanwhile, there were two more verse translations made in 1872 and 1873 by Charles E. Gover and Edward Jewitt Robinson, respectively. He thus covered chapters 1 through 63, translating 630 couplets. [citation needed], There are claims and counter claims as to the authorship of the book and to the exact number of couplets written by Thiruvalluvar. , and is considered to be the first work to focus on ethics in Dravidian literature. Dr. Loie has already left his indelible mark in many fields as his life story and list of achievements testify….” From Foreword….Rev.Fr. Tamil Wisdom, by Edward Jewitt Robinson, 1873. Wise men who have clear mind will refrain from eating the flesh of a lifeless animal. This book called Thirukkural written by Thiruvalluvar about 2000 years ago in Tamil has been translated by Rev.G.U.Pope. Translating the Kural. While majority of the couplets were translated by him, he reproduced or adapted the translations of Rajaji, Kasthuri Srinivasan, V.V.S. The first translation of the Kural text appeared in Malayalam in 1595 CE under the title Tirukkural Bhasha by an unknown author. Tiruvaḷḷuvar. Of those done in verse, G. U. Pope’s verses are in varying metres, Rev. According to the LIFCO Tamil-Tamil-English dictionary, the Tamil word Kural means Venpa verse with two lines. The wise, who have freed themselves from mental delusion, will not eat the flesh which has been severed from an animal. Graul might have subsumed the Jains also under the name of the Buddhists (Graul 1865: xi note). 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